https://joswiki.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Albania%E2%80%99s_Nightmare_of_CommunismAlbania’s Nightmare of Communism - Revision history2026-04-26T14:39:45ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.40.0https://joswiki.org/index.php?title=Albania%E2%80%99s_Nightmare_of_Communism&diff=6333&oldid=prevKorpi: Added category.2022-12-22T15:48:27Z<p>Added category.</p>
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</table>Korpihttps://joswiki.org/index.php?title=Albania%E2%80%99s_Nightmare_of_Communism&diff=6027&oldid=prevKorpi: Added link to "Sigurimi".2022-12-16T21:17:48Z<p>Added link to "Sigurimi".</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:17, 16 December 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><blockquote>“Certain clauses in the 1976 constitution effectively circumscribed the exercise of political liberties that the government interpreted as contrary to the established order." - [[wikipedia:Enver_Hoxha#cite_note-95|O'Donnell 1999, p. 129.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><blockquote>“Certain clauses in the 1976 constitution effectively circumscribed the exercise of political liberties that the government interpreted as contrary to the established order." - [[wikipedia:Enver_Hoxha#cite_note-95|O'Donnell 1999, p. 129.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"The government denied the population access to information other than that which was disseminated by government-controlled media outlets. Internally, the Sigurimi used the same repressive methods which were used by the [[wikipedia:NKVD|NKVD]], the [[wikipedia:Ministry_of_State_Security_(Soviet_Union)|MGB]], [[wikipedia:KGB|KGB]] and the [[wikipedia:Stasi|East German Stasi]]. At one point, every third Albanian had either been interrogated by the Sigurimi or been incarcerated in labour camps. The government imprisoned thousands of people in forced-labour camps or it executed them for alleged crimes such as treachery or disrupting the proletarian dictatorship. After 1968, travel abroad was forbidden to all but those people who were on official business. Western European culture was looked upon with deep suspicion, resulting in bans on all unauthorised foreign materials and arrests." - [[wikipedia:Enver_Hoxha#cite_note-96|Raymond E. Zickel & Walter R. Iwaskiw. Albania: A Country Study. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress. p. 235]]</blockquote>The justice system regularly degenerated into show trials. An American human rights group described the proceedings of one trial: <blockquote>“…[The defendant] was not permitted to question the witnesses. Although he was permitted to state his objections to certain aspects of the case, the prosecutor dismissed his objections, and said, ‘Sit down and be quiet. We know better than you.'” - [[wikipedia:Enver_Hoxha#cite_note-99|Minnesota Lawyers International Human Rights Committee 1990, p. 46]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"The government denied the population access to information other than that which was disseminated by government-controlled media outlets. Internally, the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[wikipedia:</ins>Sigurimi<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Sigurimi]] </ins>used the same repressive methods which were used by the [[wikipedia:NKVD|NKVD]], the [[wikipedia:Ministry_of_State_Security_(Soviet_Union)|MGB]], [[wikipedia:KGB|KGB]] and the [[wikipedia:Stasi|East German Stasi]]. At one point, every third Albanian had either been interrogated by the Sigurimi or been incarcerated in labour camps. The government imprisoned thousands of people in forced-labour camps or it executed them for alleged crimes such as treachery or disrupting the proletarian dictatorship. After 1968, travel abroad was forbidden to all but those people who were on official business. Western European culture was looked upon with deep suspicion, resulting in bans on all unauthorised foreign materials and arrests." - [[wikipedia:Enver_Hoxha#cite_note-96|Raymond E. Zickel & Walter R. Iwaskiw. Albania: A Country Study. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress. p. 235]]</blockquote>The justice system regularly degenerated into show trials. An American human rights group described the proceedings of one trial: <blockquote>“…[The defendant] was not permitted to question the witnesses. Although he was permitted to state his objections to certain aspects of the case, the prosecutor dismissed his objections, and said, ‘Sit down and be quiet. We know better than you.'” - [[wikipedia:Enver_Hoxha#cite_note-99|Minnesota Lawyers International Human Rights Committee 1990, p. 46]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In order to lessen the threat of political dissidents and other exiles, relatives of the accused were often arrested, ostracized, and accused of being “enemies of the people”. - [[wikipedia:Enver_Hoxha#cite_note-100|James S. O'Donnell, "Albania's Sigurimi: The ultimate agents of social control" ''Problems of Post-Communism'' #42 (Nov/Dec 1995): 5p.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In order to lessen the threat of political dissidents and other exiles, relatives of the accused were often arrested, ostracized, and accused of being “enemies of the people”. - [[wikipedia:Enver_Hoxha#cite_note-100|James S. O'Donnell, "Albania's Sigurimi: The ultimate agents of social control" ''Problems of Post-Communism'' #42 (Nov/Dec 1995): 5p.]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Korpihttps://joswiki.org/index.php?title=Albania%E2%80%99s_Nightmare_of_Communism&diff=6026&oldid=prevKorpi: Reformatted page.2022-12-16T21:12:30Z<p>Reformatted page.</p>
<a href="https://joswiki.org/index.php?title=Albania%E2%80%99s_Nightmare_of_Communism&diff=6026&oldid=6025">Show changes</a>Korpihttps://joswiki.org/index.php?title=Albania%E2%80%99s_Nightmare_of_Communism&diff=6025&oldid=prevKorpi: Imported Page.2022-12-16T18:23:26Z<p>Imported Page.</p>
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